tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75799631365061410082024-03-08T16:20:30.857-08:00RastrosmamiferosRastrosmamiferos, Blog Sharing Education and Literature for Student in the WorldMac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comBlogger21125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-43605629949887944012019-11-13T10:01:00.002-08:002019-11-13T10:01:56.134-08:00Understanding Education According to Experts<b>Definition of Education</b><br />
Everyone basically has experienced education, but not everyone understands the meaning of the word education. Understanding education becomes important when we cannot deny that with the development of the times in the world of education which continues to change significantly so that many change the mindset of educators, from the ordinary and rigid mindset to become more modern.<br />
This is very influential in the progress of education in Indonesia. It's just that, along with the progress of education sometimes the concept or understanding may become blurred.<br />
Complementing this, education experts criticize the way they express educational concepts and theories, which are actually to achieve the true educational goals. Therefore we can look from the notion of education according to experts.<br />
Definition of Education in General<br />
Education can be interpreted as a method for developing skills, habits and attitudes that are expected to make a person better.<br />
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Understanding Education According to Experts<br />
1. According to Aristotle<br />
Education is a function of the State, and is conducted, primarily at least, for the ends of the State. State - the highest social institution which secures the highest goal or happiness of man. Education is preparation for some worthy activity. Education should be guided by legislation to make it correspond with the results of psychological analysis, and follow the gradual development of the bodily and mental faculties.<br />
Meaning: Education is one of the functions of a country, and is carried out, especially at least, for the purpose of the State itself. The state is the highest social institution that secures the highest goal or human happiness. Education is preparation / provision for some activities / decent work. Education should be guided by the law to make it appropriate (correspondent) with the results of psychological analysis, and follow developments gradually, both physically (outwardly) and mentally (inner / soul).<br />
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2. ACCORDING TO SOCRATES<br />
Education is a means used to find the truth. While the method is dialectics.<br />
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3. According to the Act<br />
UU SISDIKNAS No. 2 of 1989: Education is a conscious effort to prepare students through guidance, teaching, and training activities for their role in the future.<br />
UU SISDIKNAS no. 20 of 2003: Education is a conscious and planned effort to create an atmosphere of learning and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have spiritual spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and the skills needed by themselves and the community.<br />
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4. According to the Big Dictionary<br />
Education is the process of changing attitudes and behavior of a person or group of people in an effort to mature humans through teaching and training efforts; the process, manner and making of educating.<br />
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5. According to Etymology (Language) Education in Islam:<br />
In Arabic Education: comes from the word Tarbiyah, with the verb Rabba which has the meaning of educating or caring. So Education in Islam is Guidance by educators on the physical, spiritual and intellectual development of students so that a good Muslim person can be formed.<br />
In Greek: Education comes from the word Pedagogy, which is from the word "paid" meaning children and "agogos" means to guide. That is why the term pedagogy can be interpreted as "the science and art of teaching children (the art and science of teaching children).<br />
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6. According to Psychology<br />
Education is covering all forms of activities that will facilitate in social life.<br />
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7. According to John Stuart Mill (British philosopher, 1806-1873 AD)<br />
explains that Education includes everything that is done by someone for himself or done by others for him, with the aim of bringing him closer to the level of perfection.<br />
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8. According to H. Horne<br />
is a continuous process of higher adjustments for human beings who have developed physically and mentally, who are free and conscious of God, as manifested in the natural, intellectual, emotional and human surroundings of humans.<br />
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9. According to John Dewey<br />
argues that education is a process of renewing the meaning of experience, this may occur in ordinary association or association of adults with young people, it may also occur intentionally and institutionalized to produce social sustainability. This process involves the supervision and development of the minors and the group in which they live.<br />
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10. According to Edgar Dalle<br />
that Education is a conscious effort made by the family, community, and government through the activities of guidance, teaching, and training, which take place at school and outside the school for life to prepare students to be able to play a role in various environments on a permanent basis for a period of time will come.<br />
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11. According to Plato<br />
Education is something that can help the individual's development of body and mind with something that can enable the achievement of perfection. According to Plato education is planned and programmed into three stages with an age level, the first stage is education given to students for up to twenty years; and the second stage, from the age of twenty years to thirty years; while the third stage, from thirty years to forty years old.<br />
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12. According to Rocky Gerung<br />
Education is a war on ignorance.<br />
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13. ACCORDING TO KI HAJAR<br />
He said education is a demand in the lives of children. The point is that education leads to all the forces that exist in nature so that students as human beings and members of society can achieve high safety and happiness in life.<br />
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14. According to Muhibbin Syah, 2010: 10<br />
Education comes from the word "educate", then this word gets the prefix "me" so it becomes "educate" meaning, nurturing and giving training. In maintaining and providing training, teachings, guidance and leadership are needed regarding morals and intelligence of the mind.<br />
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15. According to Soekidjo Notoatmodjo, 2003: 16<br />
defining in general "Education is any planned effort to influence other people whether individuals, groups, or the community so that they do what is expected by education practitioners."Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-40872486788404487852019-11-13T09:59:00.002-08:002019-11-13T09:59:27.568-08:00Definition of the Earth Revolution<b>As a result of the Earth Revolution</b><br />
Besides rotating the Earth's axis, the Earth also made a revolutionary movement around the Sun. The motion of the Earth Revolution is the event of an object moving around the center of a particular object due to gravity. The movement of the Earth circulates around the Sun its path is not circular, but rather oval. Copernicus was the first to suggest that the Earth rotates on its axis once rounds in a day and the Earth moves around the Sun once a year.<br />
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Definition of the Earth Revolution<br />
The Earth Revolution is the circulation of the earth around the sun. The earth's revolution is the result of a tug of war between the gravitational force of the sun and the gravitational force of the earth, in addition to the rotation of the earth on its axis or called the rotation of the earth.<br />
When the revolution of the earth in one circle around the sun is 365¼ days. The earth evolved not perpendicular to the ecliptic plane but tilted in the same direction to form an angle of 23.50 to the sun, this angle was measured from an imaginary line connecting the north pole and south pole called the axis of rotation.<br />
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As a result of the Earth Revolution<br />
Change in Season<br />
The northern and southern hemisphere experiences four seasons. The four seasons are spring, summer, autumn, and winter. The following is a season table for specific times and regions in the hemisphere.<br />
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Seasons in the northern hemisphere<br />
Spring: March 21 to June 21<br />
Summer: June 21 to September 23<br />
Autumn: September 23 - December 22<br />
Winter: December 22 - March 21<br />
The seasons are divided by the earth<br />
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Spring: September 23 to December 22<br />
Summer: December 22 to March 21<br />
Autumn: March 21 to June 22<br />
Winter: June 21 - September 23<br />
Also Read Articles That May Be Associated: Theater Arts: Understanding, History, Examples, Pictures, Characteristics, Types, Functions, Elements<br />
The Difference Between Day and Night Time<br />
The Difference Between Day and Night Time<br />
Between March 21 and September 23<br />
The north pole approaches the sun, while the south pole away from the sun.<br />
The northern hemisphere receives more sun than the southern hemisphere.<br />
The length of the day in the northern hemisphere is longer than in the southern hemisphere.<br />
There are areas around the north pole that experience 24-hour day and there are areas around the south pole that experience 24-hour nights.<br />
Between September 23 and March 21<br />
The south pole is closer to the sun, while the north pole is closer to the sun.<br />
The southern hemisphere receives more sun than the northern hemisphere.<br />
The length of the day in the southern hemisphere is longer than the northern hemisphere.<br />
There are areas around the north pole that experience 24-hour nights and there are areas around the south pole that experience 24-hour day.<br />
On March 21 and December 23<br />
The north pole and south pole are the same distance to the sun.<br />
The northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere receive as much sun.<br />
The length of day and night are the same in all parts of the earth.<br />
In the equator the sun seems to pass directly above the head.<br />
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Pseudo Motion of the Sun.<br />
Shifting the sun's position towards the northern hemisphere (December 22 to June 21) and the shifting position of the sun from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere (June 21 to December 21) is called the daily apparent motion of the sun. So called because the sun is actually not moving. That motion is due to the earth's revolution with a tilted rotation axis.<br />
Visible constellations that differ from month to month<br />
The constellations are the arrangement of stars that appear from the earth to form certain patterns. The stars forming a constellation are actually not in a close location. Because the location of the stars is very far away, so when observed from the earth as if they appear close together. The constellations that we know include Aquarius, Pisces, Gemini, Scorpio, Leo, and others.<br />
When the earth is to the east of the sun, we can only see stars that are to the east of the sun. When the earth is north of the sun, we can only see stars that are north of the sun. As a result of the earth's revolution, the stars that appear from the earth are always changing.<br />
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Gregorian calendar<br />
Based on the division of longitude, namely the west longitude and east longitude, the international boundary limit is longitude 180o, consequently if the east part of the 180o longitude is on the 15th, then in the western hemisphere the 180o longitude is still the 14th, as if it jumped one day. The Islamic calendar count is based on the time of the earth's revolution, where one year is 365 ¼ days.<br />
The first Islamic calendar used was the Julius Caesar calendar or the Julian calendar. The Julian calendar is based on the interval between one spring and the next spring in the northern hemisphere. This time interval is exactly 365,242 days or 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. Julius Caesar set the calendar calculation as follows.<br />
The length of time in a year is 365 days<br />
To accommodate excess ¼ days in each year, the length of one year is extended by 1 day to 366 days every four years. One day is added in February. Longer years a day are called leap years<br />
To make it easier to remember, then chosen as a leap year is a year that runs out in four. Examples are 1984,2000, and others.<br />
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Earth Revolution<br />
Earth's Rotation and Revolutionary Movement<br />
Earth is a planet, in order the planets closest to the sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. The earth is circulating according to its source with a rotation time of 27.9 hours and the distance of the earth's sun ± 150 million km.<br />
The motion of the earth's rotation will affect weather conditions on the surface of the earth, for example, occurs day and night, with a change of time of ± 12 hours, for areas between 23.50 North and South latitudes, and ± 6 months for areas around the North and South Poles, from March 21 to September 21 in the North Pole experiencing daytime and in the South Pole experiencing night, from September 21 to March 21 in the North Pole experiencing the night and in the South Pole experiencing daytime.<br />
The earth circulates around the sun with a revolution of 365.25 days (1 year) in an anti clockwise direction (counterclockwise) and with an average circulation speed of 18.5 miles / sec. Because the ecliptic is elliptical, the sun is one of its central points, so the distance of the earth's sun is not always fixed but it changes.<br />
The Perihelium Point is where the earth circulates closest to the sun, occurring on December 21st. Aphelium Point is the point where the earth is farthest from the sun, occurring on June 21st. Because the earth's revolution and the tilt of the earth's axis towards the ecliptic amounted to 66.50 resulting in seasonal changes in the region which is located between 23.50 North to the North Pole and 23.50 South to the South Pole.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-54755048731513589822019-11-13T09:54:00.002-08:002019-11-13T09:54:25.157-08:00Class Social Interaction<b>Class Social Interaction</b><br />
In the class social interaction takes place; there are co-operations, competition, opposition, accommodation. Opposition can lead to physical clashes. As a teacher, you try to reconcile. And they finally made peace, but peace seemed to be only a solution that was received for a while.<br />
In the eyes of the community, the teacher is a person who educates, teaches, and provides a number of knowledge to students at school, mosque, at home, or elsewhere. Teachers assume responsibility not only for the walls of the school, but also outside the school. The teacher provides guidance not only in groups, but also individually. This inevitably requires that teachers always pay attention to the behavior, attitudes, and actions of their students, not only in the school environment but outside the school though.<br />
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Social Competence Function<br />
The community in the current development process considers the teacher as a member of the community who has the ability, sufficiently broad skills, who want to actively participate in the development process. Teachers are expected to be a pioneer in the implementation of development. Teachers need to realize their position in the midst of the community plays a very important role, namely as;<br />
1) motivator and innovator in educational development,<br />
2) pioneers and pioneers of education.<br />
3) researchers and reviewers of science,<br />
4) devotion.<br />
Legal Basis for Teacher Competency Standards<br />
The laws and regulations used as the legal basis for setting Teacher Competency Standards are:<br />
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Law Number 20 Year 2003 concerning the National Education System.<br />
Law Number 25 of 2000 concerning the National Development Program.<br />
Law Number 22 of 1999 concerning Regional Government (Statute Book Number 60 of 1999, Supplement to Statute Book Number 3839);<br />
Law Number 25 of 2000 concerning the National Development Program (Propenas) of 2000-2004 (State Gazette of 2000 Number 206)<br />
Government Regulation Number 38 of 1992 concerning Educational Personnel (State Gazette of 1992 Number 68, Supplement to State Gazette Number 3484) as amended by Government Regulation Number 39 of 2000 (State Gazette of 2000 Number 91, Supplement to State Gazette Number 3974)<br />
Government Regulation Number 25 of 2000 concerning Government Authority and Provincial Authority as an Autonomous Region (Statute Book Number 54 of 2000, Supplement to Statute Book Number 3952);<br />
Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 38 of 1992 concerning Education Personnel as amended by Government Regulation Number 39 of 2000.<br />
Decree of the State Minister for Administrative Reform Number 84/1993 concerning Teacher Functional Position and Credit Scores.<br />
Joint Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture and Head of the Personnel Administration Agency Number: 0433 / P / 1993, Number: 25 of 1993 concerning Guidelines for Implementing the Teacher's Functional Position and Credit Score.<br />
Decree of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Number: 025 / O / 1995 regarding the Technical Guidelines for the Implementation of the Teacher's Functional Position and Credit Score.<br />
Decree of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia No: 031 / O / 2002 concerning the Organization and Work Procedures of the Directorate General of Primary and Secondary Education.<br />
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Objectives and Benefits of Teacher Competency Standards<br />
The purpose of the Teacher Competency Standards is as a guarantee of the mastery of the minimum level of competence by the teacher so that the person can carry out their duties professionally, can be fostered effectively and efficiently and can serve the parties concerned with the learning process, as well as possible in accordance with their field of work.<br />
The benefits of the compilation of Teacher Competency Standards are as a reference for the implementation of competency tests, the implementation of education and training, as well as references for interested parties in teacher competence to conduct evaluations, development of teaching materials and so on for teaching staff.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-22027324110420498342019-11-13T09:53:00.002-08:002019-11-13T09:53:37.647-08:00Scope of Social Competence<b>Scope of Social Competence</b><br />
Social competence in this learning activity is closely related to the ability of teachers to communicate with the community around the school and the community where the teacher lives so that the role and way of the teacher communicating in the community is expected to have its own characteristics which are more or less different from other people who are not teachers. The mission carried by the teacher is a humanitarian mission. Teaching and educating is the task of humanity. Teachers must have social competence because the teacher is a contemporary lecturer.<br />
Based on the understanding and scope of social competence as mentioned above, the core of social competence is the ability of teachers to do social interaction through communication. Teachers are required to communicate with fellow teachers, students, parents of students, and the surrounding community, etc. So the teacher is required to know many social groups such as play groups, cooperation groups, religious scholars, recitation, youth, etc.<br />
The understanding of social interaction is very useful in paying attention and learning various community problems, including learning problems. Without social interaction, it is possible to have a life together that is manifested in association. Life is true when members of the community work together, talk to each other, share experiences, and even compete with one another. Social interaction is the basis of social processes as an understanding that refers to dynamic social relationships. In general it can be said that, for general social processes are social interactions. And social interaction is the main condition for the occurrence of social activities.<br />
A social interaction is not possible without social contact and communication. When we talk to someone, it means there is contact between us and that person. Speaking can be directly, can be by telephone, letter, radio, and so on. In family life at home, social contact almost always occurs among fellow family members. Social contact in this family can occur between a member and some or all other family members, as well as between a community member and several or many other community members. In social life, contact can also be found between one group and another group of people.<br />
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In architecture in Indonesia (Irawan Maryono and L. Edison Silalahi, 1985) stated that there are four forms of social interaction, among others;<br />
1) cooperation (co-operation),<br />
2) competition (competition),<br />
3) contention,<br />
4) accommodation. Co-operation is cooperation between individuals or between groups of people in society to achieve certain goals together as well. Other forms that can be classified as cooperation include assimilation and alkuluration in culture.<br />
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Assimilation is a social process or community process towards a positive change because of the fusion of cultures between groups to form a new culture. While alkultura is the merging of two or more elements of culture into a new culture, but the original element is not lost. Competition is one form of social interaction carried out between individuals or between groups of people in society.<br />
They compete to obtain or achieve certain goals through areas of life without violence and without threats. While conflict is one form of social interaction carried out between individuals or between groups of people in society in order to achieve certain goals with violence and threats. Accommodation as a form of social interaction is in balance and each group of people merges to form new norms, rules, values (customs) that are applicable and agreed upon in the local community. The purpose of this accommodation include the following.<br />
Reducing conflict between people or groups of people in society due to differences in understanding.<br />
Prevent the explosion or emergence of a conflict for a while.<br />
As a vehicle for cooperation between people or groups of people in society.<br />
Encourage the fusion of (intermingling) between separate or conflicting groups.<br />
Social interaction through the learning process is largely determined by the teacher, students, all education staff, parents, and the community. In the conversation between the teacher and students or with parents students may occur reciprocally. In the most important social interaction is to build communication, namely that someone gives an interpretation of the behavior of others, whether in the form of speech, gestures, or attitudes.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-41849604994988164002019-11-13T09:52:00.003-08:002019-11-13T09:54:56.688-08:00Definition of Social Competence<b>SOCIAL COMPETENCE</b><br />
<b>Definition of Social Competence</b><br />
Social competence is the ability of teachers to adjust to the demands of work in the surrounding environment when carrying out their duties as a teacher. The role that teachers carry in society is different from other professions. Therefore, the attention given by the community towards teachers is different and there is a specificity especially the demand to be a pioneer of development in the area where the teacher lives.<br />
Some social competencies that teachers need to have, among others; communicating skillfully, being sympathetic, being able to work with the Board of Education / School Committee, being good at getting along with colleagues and educational partners, and understanding the world around them (the environment).<br />
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What is meant by social competence in Government Regulation Number 19 of 2005, in article 28, paragraph 3, is the ability of educators as part of the community to communicate and socialize effectively with students, fellow educators, education personnel, parents / guardians of students and surrounding communities. According to Achmad Sanusi (1991), social competence includes the ability to adapt to the demands of work and the environment when carrying out their duties as a teacher.<br />
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Professional teachers should be able to assume and carry out responsibilities as a teacher to students, parents, the community, nation, state and religion. Independent personal responsibility that is able to understand themselves, manage themselves, control themselves, and appreciate and develop themselves. Social responsibility is realized through the competence of teachers in understanding themselves as an inseparable part of the social environment and having the ability to interact socially.<br />
Intellectual responsibility is realized through the mastery of various sets of knowledge and skills needed to support their duties. Spiritual and moral responsibility is manifested through the appearance of the teacher as a religious being whose behavior always does not deviate from religious and moral norms.<br />
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According to Djaman Satori (2007), social competence is as follows.<br />
Skillfully communicate with students and parents of students.<br />
Be sympathetic.<br />
Can work together with the Board of Education / School Committee.<br />
Good at hanging out with coworkers and educational partners.<br />
Understand the world around it (the environment).<br />
Meanwhile, according to Mukhlas Samani (2008: 6) what is meant by social competence is the ability of individuals as part of society that includes the ability to;<br />
Communicate verbally, in writing, and / or cues.<br />
Using communication and information technology functionally.<br />
Associate effectively with students, fellow educators, educational staff, leaders of educational units, parents / guardians of students.<br />
Associate politely with the surrounding community by heeding the norms and value systems that apply.<br />
Apply the principles of true brotherhood and the spirit of togetherness.<br />
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Teacher Competency Standards Formulation<br />
It has been stated that Teacher Competency Standards include 3 (three) competency components and each competency component consists of several competency units. Overall Teacher Competency Standards are as follows:<br />
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Competency Components of Learning Management and Educational Insights, which consist of,<br />
Learning Management Competency Sub Components:<br />
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Develop learning plans<br />
Carry out learning<br />
Assess student learning achievement.<br />
Carry out the follow-up of students' learning achievement assessment results.<br />
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Sub Components of Educational Insights Competency:<br />
Understanding educational foundation<br />
Understanding education policy<br />
Understand the level of student development<br />
Understanding the learning approach that fits the learning material<br />
Implement cooperation in work<br />
Utilizing the progress of science and technology in education<br />
Academic / Vocational Competency Components, consisting of:<br />
Mastering knowledge and skills according to learning material<br />
Professional Development Competency Components consist of:<br />
Develop a profession.<br />
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Teacher Competency Indicator<br />
To get a more measurable picture of grading each competency, it is necessary to determine the performance of each competency. Competency performance is seen in the form of indicators, as shown in the appendix.<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-12485097782584676472019-11-13T09:51:00.004-08:002019-11-13T09:51:42.625-08:00Definition of Professional Competence<b>Definition of Professional Competence</b><br />
Teacher Professional Competence Is an ability that must be possessed by teachers in planning and implementing the learning process. The teacher has the task to direct student learning activities to achieve learning objectives, for that teachers are required to be able to deliver learning material. The teacher must always update, and master the subject matter presented. Self preparation about the material is sought by finding information through various sources such as reading the latest books, accessing from the internet, always following the latest developments and progress on the material presented.<br />
Professional teachers are teachers who have the competencies required to carry out educational and teaching tasks. Competence here includes knowledge, attitudes, and professional skills, both personal, social, and academic. Professional competence is one of the basic abilities that a teacher must possess. In Government Regulation No. 19 of 2005, in article 28 paragraph 3 what is meant by professional competence is the ability to master extensive and in-depth learning material that enables it to guide students to meet the competency standards set out in the National Education Standards. Meanwhile, according to Mukhlas Samani (2008: 6) what is meant by professional competence is the ability to master the knowledge of the fields of science, technology and / or art which he covers mastery of;<br />
Personality competencies or abilities are abilities that teachers must have with regard to aspects of Professional Competence are:<br />
In delivering learning, the teacher has a role and task as a source of material that is never dry in managing the learning process. Teaching activities must be welcomed by students as an art of managing the learning process obtained through practice, experience, and a willingness to learn that never breaks.<br />
In carrying out the learning process, student activity must always be created and go on by using appropriate teaching methods and strategies. The teacher creates an atmosphere that can encourage students to ask questions, observe, conduct experiments, and find facts and concepts that are true. Therefore teachers must conduct learning activities using multimedia, so that an atmosphere of learning while working, learning while listening, and learning while playing, according to the context of the material.<br />
In terms of evaluation, in theory and practice, the teacher must be able to carry out according to the objectives he wants to be measured. The type of test used to measure learning outcomes must be true and correct. It is also expected that the teacher can arrange the items correctly, so that the tests used can motivate students to learn.<br />
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The abilities that teachers must have in the learning process can be observed from the professional aspects are:<br />
Mastering the material, structure, concepts, and scientific mindset that supports the subjects being taught.<br />
Mastering Competency Standards and Competencies Basic subjects / areas of development that are supported.<br />
Developing subject matter that is taught creatively. Develop professionalism in a sustainable manner by taking reflective action.<br />
Utilizing information and communication technology to communicate and develop themselves.<br />
Professional competence is the ability of teachers to master the knowledge of the fields of science, technology, and / or art that at least covers mastery of (1) subject matter broadly and deeply according to the standard content of the educational unit program, subjects, and / or groups of subjects they support , and (2) concepts and methods of scientific discipline, technology, or arts that are conceptually relevant to or coherent with the program of educational units, subjects, and / or groups of subjects that he is capable of.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-85123080721879487312019-11-13T09:51:00.001-08:002019-11-13T09:51:09.657-08:00Scope of Personality Competence<b>Scope of Personality Competence</b><br />
Personality competence is universal, which means that the teacher must have it in carrying out its function as an individual (personal) being which defends the success of the teacher's assignment. Teacher personality competencies according to Sanusi (1991) include the following matters.<br />
A positive attitude towards the whole task as a teacher, and to the overall situation of education and its elements.<br />
Understanding, appreciation and performance of values that should be adopted by a teacher.<br />
Assessment of efforts to make themselves as role models and examples for their students<br />
According Djam'an, dk 2007; 2-6-2.10) personality competencies that need to be possessed by teachers are as follows<br />
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The teacher as a human being created by God Almighty is obliged to increase his faith and piety to God, in line with his religion and beliefs.<br />
The teacher has advantages compared to the others. Therefore it is necessary to develop a sense of self-confidence and responsibility that he has great potential in the field of teacher training and is able to resolve the various problems he faces.<br />
Teachers are always dealing with different and diverse communities that are unique to students and their communities, so teachers need to develop an attitude of tolerance and tolerance in addressing the differences they encounter in interacting with students and the community.<br />
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Teachers are expected to be a facilitator in fostering a culture of critical thinking in society, accepting each other's differences of opinion and agreeing to achieve common goals, it requires a teacher to be democratic in conveying and accepting ideas about the problems around him so that teachers become open and not close themselves from things that are outside him.<br />
Being a good teacher is not as easy as turning the palm of the hand, it requires patience in achieving it. Teachers are expected to be patient in the sense of diligent and tenacious carrying out the educational process can not immediately be felt at that time but requires a long process.<br />
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The teacher is able to develop himself in accordance with renewal, both in his professional field and in his specialization.<br />
Teachers can live up to the goals of education both nationally, institutionally, curricularly to the objectives of the subjects they provide.<br />
Human relations, namely the ability of teachers to be able to relate to others on the basis of mutual respect between one another.<br />
Self-understanding, namely the ability to understand various aspects of himself both positive and negative.<br />
Teachers are able to make changes in developing the profession as innovators and creators.<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-77676946037845206992019-11-13T09:50:00.002-08:002019-11-13T09:50:33.519-08:00The Ideal Teacher Profile<b>The Ideal Teacher Profile</b><br />
The ideal teacher profile is a person who dedicates himself based on the calling of the soul, the calling of conscience, not because of the demands of mere money, does not limit his duties and responsibilities not to the extent of the school wall. The community should not only demand teacher service, but teacher welfare must also be noted. Teachers with their glory, in carrying out their tasks not to be tired, rain and heat is not an obstacle for teachers who are full of dedication and loyalty to go down to school so that they can unite their souls in parting with their students. Teacher and student bodies may separate, but the souls of the two cannot be separated (dual).<br />
Therefore in the mind of the teacher there is only one tip on how to educate students to become capable adult human beings who are capable and useful for religion, homeland and the nation in the future.<br />
The position of teacher and student may be different, but both remain in line and one goal. Along with the meaning of commonality in achieving common goals students strive to achieve their ideals and the teacher willingly leads them to the front gate of ideals. That is perhaps the right attitude of the teacher as a noble personal figure. The teacher's obligation is to create a national khairunnas that is a good human being.<br />
As humans who have personalities, the presence of teachers in the midst of society is a reality that is indeed needed by the community. The position of such a teacher's life will certainly get a diverse assessment of the surrounding world sometimes flattered and some are blamed. The role of the teacher receives wide attention from the community, this requires high dedication from people working in the world of teacher training. It is no exaggeration to suggest that failure in development stems from failure to develop education. It is no exaggeration to suggest that the failure of development stems from the failure of education.<br />
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The Role of Personality Competence<br />
Personality competence has the role of making the teacher a guide, role model, example, role model, for students. With his personal competence, the teacher is not only as an educator and teacher but also as a place for students and the community to reflect. This is in line with what was stated by Ki Hajar Dewantoro in the Amongnya system that the teacher must "Ing ngarso sungtulodo, Ing madyo mangun karso, Tut Wuri handayani".<br />
With personality competence, the teacher will be an example and role model, arouse student learning motivation and encourage / provide motivation from martial arts. Therefore, a teacher is required through attitudes and actions to make himself a role model and follow the people he leads. The teacher is not only a teacher, trainer and supervisor, but also as a mirror where students can look in the mirror.<br />
In interpersonal relations between teachers and students created an educational situation that allows students to learn to apply the values that become examples and member examples. The teacher is able to be a person who understands students with all their problems, the teacher must also have the authority so that students are reluctant to do so. Based on the description above, the teacher's personality competency function is to provide examples and examples in guiding, developing creativity and arousing learning motivation.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-74137693357622539902019-11-13T09:49:00.002-08:002019-11-13T09:49:45.614-08:00Interaction of Teachers with Students as Role Models<b>Interaction of Teachers with Students as Role Models</b><br />
Personality is an element that determines the interaction of teachers with students as role models, teachers must have personalities that can be used as profiles and idols, all life is a perfect figure. That is the impression of the teacher as an ideal figure. The teacher is a student in kindness. With a good teacher, students will become good. There is no teacher who intends to plunge his students into the valley of evil. The teacher is the spiritual father or spiritual father of a student, because he who gives spiritual nourishment and moral education, provides the path of truth. So respecting teachers means respecting students, respecting teachers means respect for the children of the nation.<br />
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Education carried out by teachers in the learning process in schools and communities requires competence in the broadest sense of the ability standards needed to describe a person's qualifications both qualitatively and quantitatively in carrying out their duties. Teacher personality competencies include attitude (values), values (personality), personality (personality) as an element of behavior (behavior) in relation to the ideal performance in accordance with the field of work based on educational background, capacity building and training, and legality teaching authority. Following are some notions of personality competence, among others, as follows.<br />
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What is meant by personality competence in Government Regulation No.19 of 2005, in article 28, paragraph 3 is the ability of a steady, stable, mature, wise, and authoritative personality, being an example for students, and having good character.<br />
According to Samani, Mukhlas (2008: 6) in detail the personality competencies include the following matters; a) noble, b) wise and wise, c) steady, d) authoritative, e) stable, f) mature, g) honest, h) set an example for students and the community, i) objectively evaluate their own performance, j ) wants to be ready to develop themselves independently and sustainably.<br />
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According to Djaman Satori (2007: 2.5) what is meant by personality competency is competence related to the personal behavior of the teacher himself who later must have noble values so that they are scattered in daily behavior.<br />
Of the several meanings as mentioned above, what is meant by personality competence is competence related to the personal behavior of the teacher himself who later must have noble values so that it is reflected in daily behavior. This in itself is closely related to the philosophy of life that expects teachers to become human models who have noble values. In Indonesia, the personal attitude imbued by the Pancasila philosophy which glorifies the culture of the people who are willing to sacrifice for the preservation of the nation and the country is included in the teacher's personal competence. Thus the understanding of the teacher's personal competence must be interpreted as a manifestation of a complete human figure.<br />
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Someone who is a teacher sometimes does not always maintain the authority and image as a teacher in the eyes of students and the community. So there are still some teachers who defame the authority and image of the teacher. In the mass media it is often reported about unscrupulous teachers who commit an immoral, asocial, and immoral act. The act was not supposed to be done by the teacher. Therefore the teacher must maintain that image.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-90460093447983703362019-11-13T09:47:00.002-08:002019-11-13T09:47:45.739-08:00Scope of Pedagogic Competence<b>Scope of Pedagogic Competence</b><br />
The formulation of pedagogical competence in the Explanation of Government Regulation Number 19 of 2005, Concerning National Education Standards, article 28 paragraph 3 that competency is the ability to manage the learning of students which includes; (1) understanding of students, (2) designing and implementing learning, (3) evaluating learning outcomes, (4) developing students to actualize the various potentials they have.<br />
What is meant by pedagogical competence is the ability in processing student learning which includes; a) understanding insight or educational foundation, b) understanding of students, c) curriculum / syllabus development, d) learning design, e) utilizing learning technology, f) evaluating learning processes and outcomes, g) developing students to actualize various potentials it has.<br />
Based on several definitions as mentioned above with pedagogical competence, the teacher has the following abilities: 1) Actualizing the teaching foundation, 2) Mastering the science of teaching (didactic methodology), 3) Knowing students, 4) Mastering the theory of motivation, 5) Recognizing the environment community, 6) Mastering curriculum development, 7) Mastering lesson preparation techniques, 8) Mastering learning evaluation knowledge, etc.<br />
Teacher competence is a number of abilities that teachers must have to reach the level of professional teachers. Pedagogic competencies include:<br />
(1) mastering the foundation of teaching, (2) mastering teaching knowledge (didactic methodology), (3) getting to know students, (4) mastering motivational theory, (5) getting to know the community environment, (6) mastering curriculum compilation, (7) mastering techniques the preparation of RPP, (8) mastering learning evaluation knowledge.<br />
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PERSONALITY COMPETENCE<br />
Definition of Personality Competence<br />
Personality competence is competence related to the teacher's personal behavior which must have noble values so that it is reflected in daily behavior. This is in itself closely related to the philosophy of life that expects teachers to become human models who have noble values. In Indonesia, the personal attitude imbued by the Pancasila philosophy which glorifies the culture of the people who are willing to sacrifice for the preservation of the nation and the country is included in the teacher's personal competence. Thus the understanding of the teacher's personal competence must be interpreted as a manifestation of a complete human figure.<br />
With personality competence, the teacher will be an example and role model, and arouse student motivation. Therefore, a teacher is required through attitudes and actions to make himself a role model and follow the people he leads.<br />
Every teacher has their own personal according to personal characteristics they have. These characteristics distinguish one teacher from another teacher. Personality is actually an abstract problem, it can only be seen from the appearance, actions, speech, how to dress, and in dealing with each problem.<br />
Personality is a whole of individuals consisting of psychic and physical elements. In this sense, all one's attitudes and actions are a picture of that person's personality, as long as it is done consciously. And good deeds are often said that someone has a good personality or noble character. Conversely, if someone does an attitude and behavior that is not good according to the view of the community, then it is said that the person does not have a good personality or not having good character.<br />
In other words, whether or not a teacher's image is determined by personality. Even more so for a teacher, personality problems are a decisive factor in the success of carrying out his duties as an educator. Personality can determine whether the teacher becomes a good educator and coach or will be a destroyer or destroyer for the future of students, especially for students who are still young and those who experience mental turmoil.<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-87275233219513516682019-11-13T09:46:00.002-08:002019-11-13T09:46:57.882-08:00Definition of Pedagogic Competition<b>PEDAGOGIC COMPETENCE</b><br />
<b>Definition of Pedagogic Competition</b><br />
Pedagogic competence is the ability that must be possessed by teachers regarding student characteristics seen from various aspects such as moral, emotional, and intellectual. This implies that a teacher must be able to master learning theories and learning principles, because students have different characters, traits, and interests. With regard to the implementation of the curriculum, a teacher must be able to develop a curriculum at the level of each educational unit and adapt it to local needs. Teachers must be able to optimize the potential of students to actualize their abilities in the classroom, and must be able to conduct assessments of learning activities that have been carried out.<br />
Pedagogic comes from Greek namely paedos which means boy, and agogos which means to deliver, guide. So pedagogic literally helped an ancient Greek boy whose work took his master's son to school (Uyoh Sadullah). According to Prof. Dr. J. Hoogeveld (Netherlands), pedagogy is the study of the problem of guiding children towards certain goals, namely so that one day they are able to independently complete their life's tasks.<br />
Langeveld (1980) distinguishes the term pedagogic from the term pedagogical. Pedagogic is defined as the science of education which emphasizes more on thinking and contemplation on education. While the term pedagogy means education that emphasizes more on practice, which involves educational activities, guiding children. Pedagogic is a theory that carefully, critically and objectively develops its concepts regarding human nature, the nature of children, the nature of educational objectives and the nature of the educational process.<br />
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The abilities that the teacher must possess regarding pedagogical aspects, namely:<br />
Mastery of students' characteristics from physical, moral, social, cultural, emotional and intellectual aspects.<br />
Mastery of learning theory and principles of learning that educate.<br />
Able to develop curriculum related to the field of development that is being taught.<br />
Carry out educational development activities.<br />
Utilizing information and communication technology for the benefit of organizing educational development activities.<br />
Facilitating the development of potential learners to actualize the various potentials they have.<br />
Communicate effectively, empathically, and politely with students.<br />
Conduct an evaluation and evaluation of the process and learning outcomes, utilizing the results of the assessment and evaluation for the benefit of learning<br />
Reflective take action to improve the quality of learning.<br />
Pedagogical competence is the ability of teachers to manage learning, at least covering (1) understanding insight or educational foundation, (2) understanding of students, (3) curriculum / syllabus development, (4) learning design, (5) implementation of learning educate and dialogue, (6) the use of learning technology, (7) evaluation of the process and learning outcomes, and (8) the development of students to actualize the various potentials they have.<br />
In general the term pedagogic (pedagogy) can give meaning as science and the art of teaching children. While the science of teaching for adults is andragogy. With this understanding, pedagogic is an educational approach based on a psychological review of children. Pedagogic approach estuary is to help students carry out learning activities. In its development, the implementation of learning can use a continuum approach, which starts from the pedagogical approach followed by the andragogy approach, or vice versa ie starts from the andragogical approach followed by pedagogy, as well as subsequent cycles; andragogy, andragogy, and so on.<br />
Based on the understanding as mentioned above, what is meant by pedagogic is the science of children's education whose scope is limited to educational interactions between educators and students. While pedagaogic competence is a number of teacher abilities related to the science and art of teaching students.<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-9840267635650217702019-11-13T09:45:00.002-08:002019-11-13T09:45:55.663-08:00Teacher Competency Standards<b>Teacher Competency Standards</b><br />
Teacher Competency Standards Based on Law (FULL) - Teachers are one important element that must exist after students. If a teacher does not have a professional attitude then students who are students will find it difficult to grow and develop properly. This is because teachers are one of the foundation for the state in terms of education. With the existence of professional and qualified teachers, they will be able to produce quality national children as well. The key that must be possessed by every teacher is competence. Competence is a set of knowledge and teaching skills of teachers in carrying out their professional duties as a teacher so that the goals of education can be achieved properly.<br />
Meanwhile, the competency standards set forth in the Minister of National Education's regulations regarding academic qualification standards and teacher competencies in which the regulation states that professional teachers must have 4 professional teacher competencies, namely pedagogic competence, social competence, intellectual and professional competence. Of the 4 professional teacher competencies that must be possessed by a teacher through professional education for one year.<br />
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Understanding Teacher Competence<br />
According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2005 Concerning Teachers and Lecturers states that competence is a set of knowledge, skills and behaviors that must be possessed, internalized, and mastered by the teacher or lecturer in carrying out professional duties. According to Finch & Crunkilton, (1992: 220) states "Competencies are those taks, skills, attitudes, values, and appreciation that are deemed critical to successful employment". This statement implies that competencies include tasks, skills, attitudes, values, and appreciation given in the context of successful living / living income.<br />
This can be interpreted that competence is a combination of knowledge, ability, and application in carrying out tasks in the workforce.<br />
Teacher competence related to the authority to carry out their duties, in this case in using the field of study as learning material that acts as an educational tool, and pedagogical competencies related to the function of teachers in paying attention to the behavior of students learning (Djohar, 2006: 130).<br />
From the above understanding it can be concluded that teacher competence is the result of the merging of abilities of many types, which can be in the form of a set of knowledge, skills and behaviors that must be possessed, internalized, and mastered by the teacher in carrying out his professional tasks. According Suparlan (2008: 93) added that the standard of teacher competency is divided into three interrelated components, namely the management of learning, professional development, and academic mastery.<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-36218186180890817022019-11-13T09:14:00.002-08:002019-11-13T09:14:40.611-08:00News Presentation and Section<b>News Presentation and Section</b><br />
Floods hit most parts of Jakarta due to the rain which fell for more than 5 hours, Sunday afternoon.<br />
What? flood<br />
Who / who? -<br />
Where / where? Jakarta<br />
When / when? Sunday afternoon<br />
Why / why? It rained for more than 5 hours<br />
How / how?<br />
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Body News<br />
In the inverted pyramid important information is placed at the beginning and less important is placed at the end of the news. The news body presents news content that consists of atmosphere, background and news supplementary data.<br />
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News Presentation<br />
In journalism there are also known types of news according to their presentation, namely:<br />
Straight News (often also called hard news), namely reports of recent events that contain important and interesting elements, without containing the opinions of news writers. The new straight must be concise, concise in its reporting, but still do not neglect data completeness and objectivity.<br />
Soft News (often also referred to as features), namely news that concerns humanity and attracts many people including humorous stories, lust (concerning human lust), oddities (oddity).<br />
Feature (news story), which is news that is presented in an interesting form, using a background tracker of an event and told in a style that touches the feeling.<br />
Reportage, this type of report is an incident report (based on observers and written sources), and prioritizes readers' curiosity.<br />
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News section<br />
In general, news has parts in its structure, i.e.<br />
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Headline.<br />
Usually called the title. Often also equipped with subheadings. It is useful for: (1) helping the reader to immediately know the events to be reported; (2) highlighting one story with the support of graphic techniques.<br />
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Deadline.<br />
Some consist of the name of the mass media, the scene and the date of the incident. There also consists of the name of the mass media, the scene and the date of the incident. The aim is to show the scene and initials of the media.<br />
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Lead<br />
Commonly called the news terrace. Usually written in the first paragraph of a news. It is the most important element of a story, which determines whether the contents of the news will be read or not. It is the essence of a story, which briefly describes all the news.<br />
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Body.<br />
Or news body. Its contents tell events reported in a language that is concise, concise, and clear. Thus the body is a news development.<br />
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NEWS WRITING FORMAT<br />
In general, the writing format of a paper can be grouped into three, namely the upright pyramid format, the inverted pyramid format, and the vessel format.<br />
The definition of an upright pyramid format is a format in which information is sorted from the least important information to the most important information. This writing format is usually used in writing literary works. The purpose of writing in this format is to bind the reader's attention as long as possible, if necessary until the end of the writing.<br />
What is meant by a vessel format is a writing format in which the composition of the length of the text gives more portion to the body of the writing. This format is commonly used in writing research reports and scientific papers. The introduction, theoretical basis, and research methodology should be shorter than the discussion section. Likewise the conclusions section should be shorter than the other parts.<br />
What is meant by an inverted pyramid format is a writing format in which information is sorted from the most important to the least important information. The purpose of writing with this format is to provide as complete information as possible as quickly as possible. So, this format does not "force" the reader to faithfully read the writing until the last paragraph, depending on the time available for the reader.<br />
There are several reasons for choosing the inverted pyramid format in news writing (especially hard news), Make it easier for news writers (reporters) to report their coverage in accordance with the speed of obtaining information from an event. The first time only looking for basic information (5W + 1H), then only looking for deeper information, and so on. Any information obtained can be directly reported without reducing the content of information desired by the reader.<br />
Make it easy for editors to edit / select scripts. With this format it is possible for an editor to cut / reduce the length of the writing just by deleting certain paragraphs (from the end of the writing to the beginning of the writing) in accordance with the importance of a story.<br />
Facilitate the layout (artistic) in arranging the location of the manuscript. The layout manager can cut off the text and continue it to a concatenated page carelessly without changing the contents of the manuscript.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-32602900067346830882019-11-13T09:13:00.000-08:002019-11-13T09:13:02.905-08:00Some News Search Techniques<b>Some News Search Techniques</b><br />
PARTICIPATION<br />
It is a technique for finding news by relying on the existence of journalists as participants in an activity. The advantage of this technique is that journalists easily enter an activity that is being covered so that it is not difficult to get information on events and statements from sources related to the events they cover. Weaknesses, journalists can be very objective because they have emotional ties with events, sources and other matters related to the event.<br />
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OBSERVATION<br />
A news search technique by relying on the presence of journalists in the field. The senses of sight, hearing and smell become very vital tools in using this technique. Journalists are demanded to really rely on their five senses in reporting an event as well as delivering quotations based on the statement of the source. The advantages of this technique, the objectivity of journalists can be relied upon. The disadvantage is that journalists can find it difficult to get information about events that occur or it is difficult to contact informants related to these events.<br />
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VOX POP<br />
Is a technical activity looking for news by gathering public opinion. Derived from the word vox populi which means the voice of the people. Usually, it is carried out when it is related to the event or statement of the sources concerning the lives of many people. For example regarding the increase in fuel prices, electricity tariffs, the elimination of the cost of education from elementary to secondary level.<br />
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INTERVIEW<br />
DOCUMENTATION RESEARCH<br />
News writing structure<br />
1. News Title<br />
Writing The title of the news is expected to meet the attractiveness criteria, namely by using a good and attractive typography display to make the reader enticed to read it, the title must summarize the contents of the news, meaning that it must be written thoroughly and reflect the contents of the news in a concise manner to describe the atmosphere of the news, meaning the title must illustrate the events which is reported, Makes it easier for readers to determine which news is needed and gives identity to the news itself.<br />
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2. News Terrace<br />
Writing core news (leads) is one or two sentences which are the essence of a news and determine the reader's interest to read it further, usually placed in the first paragraph. The news terrace must contain all important elements (5W and 1H) and do not contain misleading / false information. The news terrace must be written in a concise, specific, clear identity, avoiding questions and quotes, the exact time statement and the right information. The news terrace is divided into two, namely complete and incomplete news terrace<br />
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The complete news terrace is news covering all elements of 5W + 1H. For example:<br />
Tonight the Gulf qualification forces led by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia bombarded the city of San'a which was allegedly a base for the Shiite rebels Hautsi. The attack, which involved dozens of sophisticated warplanes, killed dozens of rebels and destroyed their armory. This was allegedly as a form of pressure on the rebels in order to end their residence in the Yemeni capital.<br />
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What? bombing<br />
Who / who? Gulf qualification army<br />
Where? city of San’a<br />
When / when? last night<br />
Why / why? pressure the rebels to leave San’a<br />
How / how? killed dozens of rebels<br />
Incomplete news terrace is news which consists of some elements that exist in 5W + 1H. This means that one or two elements are missing. See the following sample news writing:<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-46387906744285268222019-11-13T08:55:00.000-08:002019-11-13T08:55:02.207-08:00News Search Techniques and Examples of News Elements<b>News Search Techniques and Examples of News Elements</b><br />
Examples of news elements 5w + 1h<br />
Several tens of hectares of ponds and rice fields in Lamongan are flooded<br />
Several tens of hectares of ponds and rice plants in two subdistricts in Lamongan, East Java were flooded due to the collapse of the Pelalangan river. This submerged ponds and rice paddies prevent farmers from making a profit. (what, where). Pelalangan river embankment in Plosowahyu Village, Lamongan District, East Java, Monday night (12/15/15) broke down after being hit by floods due to heavy rains that flushed the South Lamongan location. The river embankment collapsed to 10m. so that the water inundated several tens of hectares of ponds and rice plants in Lamongan and Turi Districts. (when, why) According to one farmer, the embankment started to break down around 21.00 WIB. Due to the overflow of Pelalangan river that is always overflowing. This dropout was the second time it had taken place. in fact, residents' homes were flooded. (how)<br />
Some farmers in Plosowahyu Village feel uneasy because some dike points in their village have started to crack and break. They only hoped that the Lamongan Regency government would immediately repair the dykes so that farmers would not always be disadvantaged. (who) As a result of the floods that soaked ponds and rice plants, farmers suffered losses of up to millions of rupiah. (who)<br />
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News Terms<br />
According to Zonamapel (June 2015), the news requirements are as follows:<br />
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1. Facts<br />
That in a news, the information submitted must be based on facts or real and actual events on the ground.<br />
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2. Actual<br />
That in the news must be the latest news means the distance between time and events must be close to the broadcasting time.<br />
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3. Balanced<br />
In a news must be delivered in a balanced manner so that the listener or news reader can understand it well. Do not deliver news like in the presidential election which always makes news that is not objective and unbalanced. News must be truly original not biased or embellished by sources and does not affect readers<br />
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4. Complete<br />
In compiling news must be really complete so that the news delivered can be clear and must meet the elements of the news.<br />
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5. Accurate<br />
In making the news must be accurate and not made up, the composer of the news must directly ask or confirm to the parties concerned.<br />
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6. Systematic<br />
In the contents of a story arranged in order and in delivering news, important news is placed at the beginning.<br />
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7. Interesting<br />
In making news must be interesting, because news that is not interesting is not liked by the reader or listener. The most important news must be useful or beneficial for readers or listeners.<br />
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8. Easy<br />
Understood in compiling news must use words that are clear and easy to understand.<br />
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News Search Techniques<br />
In the process of finding news, we will learn some basic techniques. Keep in mind, these techniques cannot stand alone. This means that the process of finding news can be done by using several techniques simultaneously.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-28281588979985020702019-11-13T08:54:00.002-08:002019-11-13T08:54:07.362-08:00News Elements and Value<b>News Elements and Value</b><br />
VALUE OF AN EVENT<br />
It is certain that a story is written based on real events. However, not all real events deserve to be reported (written by journalists and published in the mass media). Hali is related to the attractiveness of an event, which of course in the end relates to whether or not a mass media is read.<br />
The main key to the feasibility of an event being reported is an important (or not) element of an event and interesting (or not) an event. There are six elements that can be used to determine the importance and attractiveness of an event. The six elements are sorted from important (top) to interesting (bottom).<br />
Significance, which is an event that has the potential to affect the lives of many people, which has an effect on the reader.<br />
Timeliness (time), i.e. events that involve things that just happened, or were just conveyed.<br />
Magnitude (large), which is an event that involves numbers that are meaningful to the lives of many people.<br />
Proximity, which is an event that is close to the reader, geographically close, can also be emotionally close.<br />
Prominence (fame), which is an event that involves things that are famous or very well known by the reader.<br />
Human interest, which is an event that gives a touch of feeling to the reader.<br />
In a slightly different formula it can be said that an event is worth reporting if<br />
is an actual event (most recently happened)<br />
associated with famous figures (public figures)<br />
related to large numbers<br />
rare event (rare)<br />
unique events (other than others)<br />
close (location or emotional) to the reader<br />
there is a human element<br />
related to the environment (human survival)<br />
News Value (News Eligible Size)<br />
Every news on the page and a journalist has different levels of news worth, depending on how many of the following conditions can be fulfilled.<br />
Significance, meaning events that have the possibility of influencing the lives of many people<br />
The magnitude of something or quantity, that is, events involving numbers that are meaningful to the lives of many people, or events that can have consequences that can add up to the number of shapes that are of interest to the reader.<br />
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Be on time, that is, concerning matters that have just happened or have just been discovered.<br />
Closeness, which is an event close to the reader, both geographically and emotionally close.<br />
Fame, which is an event involving a character or things that are well known or known by the reader (public figure)<br />
The human aspect (human intersection), namely events that touch the reader's feelings (touching), or events involving ordinary people and extraordinary situations, or large people (famous) in ordinary situations.<br />
Objective: based on facts, not taking sides.<br />
Actual: the latest, not "stale".<br />
Incredible: big, weird, odd, unusual.<br />
Distance: familiarity, closeness (geographical, cultural, psychological).<br />
Based on this description, it can be said that the value of a news is determined by several components, namely interest (self interest), money (money), sex, contention, (conflict), interest insane (human interst), tension (suspense), fame ( fame), Beauty (beauty), age (age), and crime (crime).<br />
<br />
News Elements 5w + 1h<br />
According to Inung Cahya (quoted by Planetxperia, November 2013), elements in the news must meet the answers to 6 questions, namely 5W + 1H (what, who, when, where, why, and how).<br />
1.What (What), ask what event or what event happened.<br />
2. Who (Who), used to ask who the perpetrators in the incident.<br />
3. When (When), it is useful to ask when the event occurred.<br />
4. Why (why), used to ask why the incident occurred.<br />
5.Where (Where), used to ask the position where.<br />
6. How (How), used to ask how events happened.<br />
After discussing the elements of the news then we try to discuss in full the terms in a news. In the news must meet several requirements so that in the news the information is truly original and not fabricated.<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-57701507102983506652019-11-13T08:53:00.002-08:002019-11-13T08:53:09.284-08:00Types and Characteristics of Good News<b>Types and Characteristics of Good News</b><br />
TYPES OF NEWS<br />
Based on how it is presented, journalistic news can be classified into 7, viz<br />
live news (spot now / hard news)<br />
light news (soft news)<br />
news story (feature)<br />
indepth report<br />
Investigation News<br />
Interpretative News<br />
Opinion News<br />
<br />
Live news<br />
What is meant by direct news (hard news) is writing news where the most important information is directly delivered (as early as possible) to the reader. This format is usually used to convey important events that the reader needs to know as soon as possible.<br />
Events that are delivered in a live news format are usually the most recent or most recent or most recent events. If the event information reaches the reader rather slowly, the news value is reduced. Actual benchmarks in news writing are the mass media that first succeeded in informing an event to the reader.<br />
<br />
Light news<br />
If the direct news model prefers actuality, light news does not. Light news prefers the attractiveness of an event. Usually light news accompanies direct news, that is, informing the human side of an important event.<br />
Light news is divided into two types, viz<br />
(a) side bar, light news that is a complement to the direct news (hard news)<br />
(b) standalone lightweight news, not related to direct news.<br />
<br />
News story<br />
The meaning of news stories is writing about an event that can touch feelings, adding to the reader's knowledge through a complete, detailed, and in-depth explanation. Story stories do not concern time / actuality / contemporary factors, but rather humanity and information addition.<br />
<br />
There are several kinds of stories.<br />
News feature, namely news stories written based on events that just happened. So, this model combines important elements and interesting elements at the same time.<br />
Profile features, namely news stories about certain characters that can be emulated (can be his success, his struggle for his life, or his failure). The focus is usually the human element.<br />
How to do it feature, which is a news story about an explanation of how to do something. Directions about going back and forth can be an example of this model.<br />
Human interest features, namely news stories that highlight things that touch the reader's feelings.<br />
<br />
In-depth report<br />
Basically, the form of in-depth reports is the same as news stories. The difference lies in the content of humanity. If the news on the story of the human factor becomes a major consideration, the in-depth report may not necessarily contain the human element. In-depth reports focus more on investigating an event: finding out completely, deeply, and analytically.<br />
<br />
Investigation News<br />
news developed based on research or investigation from various sources.<br />
<br />
Interpretative News<br />
news developed with the opinions or research of the writer / reporter.<br />
<br />
Opinion News<br />
news about someone's opinion, usually the opinions of scholars, scholars, experts, or officials, regarding a matter, event, the condition of poleksosbudhankam, and so on.<br />
<br />
Characteristics of Good News<br />
Some characteristics of good news are:<br />
Draw attention.<br />
Current or current.<br />
Be trusted.<br />
Be clear and use simple sentences.<br />
<br />
NEWS CONTENT<br />
It can be briefly stated that the contents of the headline are the basic information elements of an event, which includes<br />
What (what's the event)<br />
Who (who experienced the event)<br />
When (when the event happened)<br />
Where (where the event took place)<br />
Why (why did it happen)<br />
How (how is the chronology of the incident)<br />
These six points of information are actually conveyed to the reader not only once, but up to three times.<br />
First, delivered through the headline. The headline is the essence of the news terrace. News titles are usually taken / formulated from several (two or three) elements of 5W + 1H.<br />
Second, delivered through the terrace of the news. The news terrace is complete information of 5W + 1H, found in the first paragraph of a news.<br />
Third, it is conveyed through the body of news. The news body is a more complete explanation of each element of the news terrace (5W + 1H).<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-49618607190775706482019-11-13T08:52:00.000-08:002019-11-13T08:52:01.543-08:00Understanding of News Papers or Magazine<b>Understanding of News Papers or Magazine</b><br />
According to Clarence Hach and Earl English<br />
Saying that as long as there are facts, interest and audience, there is news. News according to Clarence and Earl's opinion overrides important conditions and topicalities.<br />
<br />
According to Amak Syarifuddin<br />
News is a report of events that are caused as material that attracts the attention of the mass media public.<br />
<br />
According to Dja'far H Assegaf<br />
News is a report about facts or ideas that are termed (new), chosen by the editorial staff of a daily to be broadcast, which can attract the attention of readers. Either because it is extraordinary, whether because of its importance, or its consequences, either because it includes aspects of human interest such as humor, emotions and tension.<br />
<br />
According to William S Maulsby<br />
News is a true and impartial narrative of facts that have important and recent meaning, which can attract the attention of newspaper readers who load the news.<br />
<br />
According to Chilton R. Bush<br />
news is information that is "stimulating", with information that ordinary people can feel satisfied and passionate. While Charnley himself mentioned that the news is a report about the facts or opinions of people who are bound by time, which are interesting and or important for certain people.<br />
<br />
According to W.J.S. Purwadarminta<br />
argues that the news is a report about one recent event. News can also be defined as new information about events that are new, important, and meaningful, which have an effect on their listeners and are relevant and appropriate for them to enjoy (Helena, 2007: 25).<br />
<br />
According to the Oxford Paperback Dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (1979)<br />
News can be updated as the latest events.<br />
<br />
According to Doug Newson and James A. Wollert in News for the Mass Media (1985: 11)<br />
News is anything that someone wants and needs to know or more broadly by the public.<br />
<br />
According to Nasution in Alief (2008: 1)<br />
News is a report about events or events that occur that want to be known by the public, with their actual nature, occurring in the reader's environment, regarding prominent figures, due to the effect on the reader.<br />
<br />
According to Haris Sumadiria<br />
News is the fastest information about ideas or ideas that are true, interesting and which are important for most of the audience, through periodical media such as radio, television, newspapers and online internet media.<br />
<br />
According to Purnama Kusumaningrat<br />
News is something or someone who is seen by the media as a subject worthy of being news.<br />
<br />
According to A.M. Hoeta Soehoet<br />
News is information about an event or content of a person's statement which according to him needs to be known to realize his philosophy of life.<br />
Meanwhile according to Masri (2008: 58), news is:<br />
An event or unusual event<br />
An ordinary event, but it is done or experienced by an unusual person<br />
A paradoxical (contradictory) event<br />
It is normal, but not open the eyes of many people<br />
Something important<br />
Something urgent<br />
Something jerks<br />
something fun<br />
something dangerous<br />
something tragedy that touches humanity<br />
and others deemed necessary to be known, interesting, and related to the interests of the reader.<br />
<br />
So it can be said that not everything written in newspapers or magazines can be referred to as news. Advertising and cooking recipes can not be called news, which is called news is a report about an event. In other words, an event will never make news if it is not reported.<br />
From some definitions or limitations about the news, in principle there are several important elements that must be considered from the definition, namely:<br />
<br />
Report<br />
Interesting and important events / events / opinions<br />
Served as fast as possible (time-bound)<br />
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Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-32713473518409573622019-11-13T08:50:00.002-08:002019-11-13T08:50:43.973-08:00Understanding News According to Experts<b>Understanding News According to Experts</b><br />
In terms of the news comes from Sanskrit "vrit" which in English is called "Write" which has meaning or is happening. And besides, there are also those who call it the word "Vritta" which means an event or that has happened. Can be traced means from the dictionary, news is a report about the event or the warmest event. In this case it differs from the understanding of news according to experts, which in general is interpreted as the fastest report on the latest facts or ideas that are true, interesting and or important for most of the audience.<br />
This news can be published through periodical media, such as newspapers, radio, television or internet online media. In journalistic terms, news is given the name "news". The word is formed from the word "New" which means new. So the news is clearly something new and informed to many audiences. Well here is the understanding of the news according to experts, for more details, just refer to the review below.<br />
<br />
Understanding News According to Experts<br />
According to Dean M. Lyle Spencer<br />
News is a true fact or idea and can attract the attention of most readers.<br />
<br />
According to J. B Wahyudi<br />
News is a description of facts and / or opinions that contain news value and which have been presented through periodic mass media.<br />
<br />
According to Willard C. Bleyer<br />
News is something new that is chosen by journalists to be published in newspapers so that it can attract or have meaning and can attract interest for readers.<br />
<br />
According to Adi Negoro<br />
News is a statement among people who tell each other.<br />
<br />
According to Eric C. Hepwood<br />
News is the first report of an important event and can attract public attention.<br />
<br />
According to Neil McNeil<br />
News is a combination of facts and events that cause attention or interest for the readers of the newspapers that contain them.<br />
<br />
According to Charles A. Dana<br />
News is a report at any time or something that appeals to its readers and the best news is considered interesting for the readers.<br />
<br />
According to Catledge Turner<br />
News is everything that was unknown to the public yesterday.<br />
<br />
According to Gerarld W. Johnson<br />
News is the cause of various events that are used as the main consideration by newspaper people to write and announce it in order to obtain his satisfaction.<br />
<br />
According to the United Press Nation<br />
News is everything and anything that raises interest in life and goods in all its manifestations.<br />
<br />
According to Mochtar Lubis<br />
News is what many people want to know and read it.<br />
<br />
According to Robert Tyell<br />
News is new information, attracts attention, influences people and can arouse people's appetite to follow it.<br />
<br />
According to Micthel V. Charnley<br />
News is the fastest report of an event or event that is factual, important and interesting to the majority of readers and concerns of their interests.<br />
<br />
According to the Communication Dictionary<br />
News is a report about a thing or event that just happened, concerns the public interest and is broadcast quickly by the mass media; newspapers, magazines, radio broadcasts, broadcast television.<br />
<br />
According to Douglas Wood Miller<br />
News is an event or opinion that can touch the human sense that always attracts the attention of many people.<br />
<br />
According to James M Neal<br />
News is a tendency, condition, situation and interpretation.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-77081412414709703432019-11-13T08:49:00.002-08:002019-11-13T08:49:08.464-08:00Understanding Entrepreneurship<b>Understanding Entrepreneurship</b><br />
Entrepreneurship comes from the term Entrepreneurship and Business, entrepreneur which means brave, primary, noble or alone, while Business is an activity. Entrepreneurship can be interpreted as things that involve a person's courage to carry out activities independently. Activities to be able to find opportunities to turn into businesses that can produce it are called the entrepreneurial process.<br />
Entrepreneurship is identified with entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship can be defined as a human process (human process) related to creativity and innovation in understanding an opportunity, organizing resources, managing it so that the opportunity can be realized into a business that is able to generate profits or value for a long period of time. Another definition is the ability (ability) in creative thinking and innovative behavior that is used as a basis in entrepreneurship, resources, driving force goals, tactics and processes in facing life challenges (Soeparman Soemahamidjaja 1977: 2)<br />
Creative and innovative are the main keys of entrepreneurship, Creativity is the ability to make new combinations or new relationships between elements, data, variables that already exist.<br />
Entrepreneurship was first popularized in France since 1990, Entrepreneurship is identified with entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship can be defined as a human process (human process) associated with creativity and innovation in understanding opportunities, organizing resources, managing so that opportunities are realized into a business that is able to generate profits or value for a long period of time.<br />
Understanding Entrepreneurship is an entrepreneur of entrepreneurship, which means people who have creativity and are innovative so that they are able to explore and find opportunities and realize become businesses that produce value or profit.<br />
<br />
Understanding of Craftsmanship and Entrepreneurship According to Experts<br />
Definitions from various experts are taken in Dispose and Pure (2006), Research and Development Agency of the Ministry of National Education (2010) Mutis (1995), and Alnedral (2006) with the following explanation:<br />
<br />
Richard Cantillon (1734)<br />
Entrepreneur is a person who is able to face risks and uncertainties because they produce goods at a certain cost and resell those items at a certain price.<br />
<br />
Jean Baptise Say (1803)<br />
A successful entrepreneur must have the character of a wise decision maker, perseverance and sufficient knowledge about the nature of business, in addition to skills in the aspects of supervision and administration.<br />
<br />
Richard T Ely and H Hess (1893)<br />
Entrepreneur is a person who memplaning, organizing and managing the profits of a company in addition to facing uncertainty and risk.<br />
<br />
Frederick Larrington. (1922)<br />
The field of entrepreneurship that is successful can be realized in the form of own business, partnership, company, cooperative and unity.<br />
<br />
Joseph Schumpeter (1934)<br />
The role of entrepreneurship is to reshape production methods that have been created and process old products in new ways, whether by using new raw materials or reorganizing the production process.<br />
<br />
David MC Clelland (1961)<br />
Successful entrepreneurial behavior is risk taking, assertive, energetic, responsible, can make rational decisions, can predict the future and have organizational skills.<br />
<br />
Harbison (1965)<br />
Entrepreneurship is between individuals involved in promoting innovation. (Entrepreneurs are among the prime movers of innovation).<br />
<br />
Peter F. Drucker (1974)<br />
Entrepreneurs must exchange outdated ideas or existing resources for something that is needed in the future. The main role of entrepreneurship in a company is to produce business opportunities today to meet future business needs.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7579963136506141008.post-5885169758681977012019-11-13T08:48:00.003-08:002019-11-13T08:50:04.731-08:00Craft and Entrepreneurship Materials<b>Craft and Entrepreneurship Materials</b><br />
Definition of Craft<br />
The craft originates from the terms pre and work, pre has no meaning and the work is the work. craft is defined as the work that is not yet finished, the craft is still in the form of a proof of concept or a prototype. Craft does not yet have a marketing target, therefore there are no users or consumers. The only user might be the developer or designer himself. Quality is not yet a concern because only the basic form is important.<br />
<br />
The price of a craft is very subjective because it does not yet know its market potential. Crafts have an understanding of skills, crafts, crafts, or craftsmanship. the materials used are generally available in the market, so we only need to arrange or use waste and used materials. Crafts have an important role in developing creativity and developing into a new innovation.<br />
the craft comes from the terms pre and work, pre has no meaning while the work is the work. craft is defined as the work that is not yet finished or still in raw materials, the craft is still in the form of a proof of concept or a prototype.<br />
<br />
Craft does not yet have a marketing target, therefore there are no users or consumers. The only user is the developer or the designer. Quality is not yet a concern because only the basic form is important. The price of a craft is determined by the subjective because it does not yet know the basic potential in the market.<br />
Crafts have an understanding is the skills, crafts, crafts, or craftsmanship. the materials used are generally available in the market, so we only need to arrange or use waste and used materials. Crafts have an important role in developing creativity and developing into a new innovation.<br />
The craft originates from the terms pre and work, pre has no meaning and the work is the work. craft is defined as the work that is not yet finished, the craft is still in the form of a proof of concept or a prototype. Craft does not yet have a marketing target, therefore there are no users or consumers. The only user might be the developer or designer himself. Quality is not yet a concern because only the basic form is important. The price of a craft is very subjective because it does not yet know its market potential.<br />
<br />
The meaning of processing craft is to make or create. Basically, the working principle of craft processing is to convert raw materials into production products by mixing or modifying these materials.<br />
The benefits of processing technology education are as sense trainers that can be correlated in daily life, processors have been carried out by the nation's predecessors with traditional technology that is simple but has demonstrated an applicable processing concept, processing craftsmanship trains participants in the sense of spread and practical thinking and going forward.<br />
<br />
Entrepreneurship According to Experts<br />
Albert Shapero (1975)<br />
Entrepreneur is a person who takes the initiative and can reorganize or reorganize economic mechanisms to create sources and situations that are more practical and able to face risks or failures.<br />
<br />
Karl Vesper (1980)<br />
The role of entrepreneurship is different if examined from different perspectives. Economists consider entrepreneurship as a person who brings resources, labor, materials and other assets to be combined together to become something more valuable than before, while introducing change, innovation and new arrangements. Physicists also consider entrepreneurship as someone who is guided by something power or pressure to achieve or perfect something or avoid the rules set by others. Political experts who are concerned with profits will consider entrepreneurship as an effective person while for other politicians consider entrepreneurship is someone who is difficult to supervise and likes to be convoluted.<br />
<br />
Ronstadt (1984)<br />
Explaining, although each individual gives a different definition of entrepreneurship, it illustrates an entrepreneurial nature when seen as a whole.<br />
<br />
Examples of Craftsmanship and Entrepreneurship<br />
Craft and entrepreneurship is one of the subjects in class XII, and in this chapter discusses the modification of traditional foods, because many people in Indonesia are no longer interested in special foods in Indonesia because traditional foods are considered old-fashioned and there is no modification.<br />
Our group chose to make snacks typical of the Semarang area, of the many traditional snacks of Semarang we chose to make "Tofu Meatballs" modified with a mixture of spinach. we chose this snack because the ingredients used are easy to get, how to make it easy and nutritious for consumption.<br />
The target buyers are determined namely the school environment, so we make it in the form of tasty and light snacks.Mac Doonall Duckhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13649682792907757708noreply@blogger.com